Gastroprotective effect of Hintonia latiflora and Hintonia standleyana aqueous extracts and compounds

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The stem-barks of Hintonia latiflora and Hintonia standleyana, locally known as “copalchi”, are used for treating several maladies such as diabetes and gastrointestinal complaints, including gastric ulcers. Although the antidiabetic properties have been demonstrated, the gastroprotective action remains unexplored.

Aim of the study

The main goals of this study were to establish the potential acute toxicity and the gastroprotective activity of aqueous extracts and compounds from Hintonia latiflora and Hintonia standleyana in order to demonstrate their preclinical efficacy for the treatment of gastric ulcers in Mexican folk medicine.

Materials and methods

The aqueous extracts from the stem-barks (HLSB and HSSB) and leaves (HLL and HSL) from Hintonia latiflora and Hintonia standleyana were prepared by infusion. Investigation of the acute toxicity was accomplished by the Lorke method. The gastroprotective effect was assessed by means of a conventional ethanol-induced gastric injury model in rats using carbenoxolone as positive control. 5-O-[β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (1) and chlorogenic acid (2) were also assayed. Preliminary mechanism of action of the tested compounds was analyzed using the same pharmacological models but pretreating the animals with N^G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and indomethacin.

Results

Investigation of the acute toxicity revealed that infusions of the leaves and stem-barks of both Hintonia species were not toxic to mice (LD₅₀>5000 mg/kg in all cases). HLSB, HSSB, HLL and HSL provoked a significant gastroprotective effect [80.5±3.35% (ED₅₀=184.7 mg/kg), 80.26±3.96%, 75.1±7.26% (ED₅₀=109.1 mg/kg), 76.85±3.17% (ED₅₀=149.7 mg/kg) of gastroprotection respectively]. Compounds 1 and 2, present in all the extracts, were also active [68.85±8.4% (ED₅₀=15 mg/kg), 74.04±4.4% (ED₅₀=26 mg/kg) of gastroprotection respectively] and their mode of action involved non-protein sulfhydryl endogenous (NP-SH) compounds, since only pretreatment with NEM inhibited their gastroprotective action.

Conclusions

The present investigation tends to support the ethnomedical use of HLSB, HSSB for treating gastric ulceration. Since HLL and HSL were also active, the leaves could be use alternatively, which in terms of natural resources conservation is an outstanding finding, considering that the plant populations of both Hintonia are scarce and in danger of extinction. Mainly two compounds (1 and 2) are important active principles of the plants.     

Mutation analysis of ion channel genes promoters in ventricular fibrillation survivors with coronary artery disease

IntroductionStrong evidence suggests that sudden cardiac death (SCD) is genetically determined. In our previous study we found that the prevalence of selected, rare coding variants in 5 long QT genes was significantly higher in ventricular fibrillation (VF) survivors with coronary artery disease (CAD) than in controls. In the present study we performed mutational analysis of the promoters of 5 LQTS-related myocardial ion channel genes in the same group of patients and in control populations.MethodsThe promoters of KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A, KCNE1 and KCNE2 genes were analyzed in 45 CAD individuals – survivors of documented VF. The allelic frequencies were compared either to data from the 1000 Genomes Project or from a local DNA bank of patients with coronary artery disease and no malignant arrhythmia (141 individuals).ResultsIn 34 (75.5%) of 45 VF survivors 9 different promoter variants were found: 2 in KCNQ1 gene promoter, 1 in KCNE1 promoter, and 6 in SCN5A promoter. Statistically significant differences were found in the allelic frequencies of both KCNQ1 gene promoter variants: 1-182C>T (P=0.008), 1-119G>A (P=0.007). Nevertheless, these variants did not segregate with long QT phenotype in a previous study. While the allelic frequency of the SCN5A gene promoter variant 225-1072T>C significantly differed in VF survivors compared to the 1000 Genomes Project (P=0.001), this allelic frequency was not different when compared to the group of local CAD controls.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that variants of ion channel gene promoters are common, both in VF survivors and control groups. These results suggest that promoter variants are geographically-specific and are not a common cause of SCD.     

温肾通督法治疗肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨温肾通督法治疗肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法：选取河南中医学院第二附属医院风湿骨病科的年龄在16～45岁强直性脊柱炎患者138例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各69例。治疗组采用温肾通督法（服用温肾通督汤配合督灸）治疗;对照组采用西医联合用药方案;观察期12周;随访期24周。结果：经过治疗,两组患者的症状均有不同程度的缓解,温’肾通督法组总有效率为92．8％,西药组总有效率为72．5％,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：温肾通督法治疗肾虚督寒型强直性脊柱炎疗效确切,不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

温针灸治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的：探讨温针灸治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我科2012年6月-2013年6月120例虚寒型膝骨关节炎患者的临床资料,依据治疗方式的不同将其中采用温针灸治疗的72例患者标记为观察组,另48例采用单纯针刺法治疗标记为对照组,对比两组治疗效果。结果：观察组治疗后膝骨关节炎症状积分明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组的治疗总有效率为91.67%明显高于对照组的79.17%（P〈0.05）。结论：温针灸对于治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

温针灸法结合运动疗法对退行性膝关节炎的疗效观察

目的：观察温针灸法结合运动疗法对退行性膝关节炎的综合康复疗效.方法：收集96例退行性膝关节炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组48例.观察组采用温针灸法结合运动疗法,对照组采用普通针刺疗法.根据疼痛量表、关节活动度的改变情况对比分析两组疗效.结果：所有患者随访3～12个月,两组疗效经Ridit检验,观察组显效率（33.3%）和总有效率（95.8%）明显高于对照组（分别为25.0%、87.5%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：温针灸结合运动疗法能明显缓解膝关节疼痛和扩大膝关节活动度,值得临床推广应用.     

经皮椎体成形术结合补肾壮骨汤治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的Meta分析

目的系统评价经皮椎体成形术(PVP)结合补肾壮骨汤与单纯经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效与安全性,为骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的治疗提供更好的科学依据。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方医学网等数据库,人工检索Spine等期刊,收集比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)结合补肾壮骨汤与单纯经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床随机对照试验,并评价纳入研究的方法学质量。使用Review Manager 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析,观察指标包括术后椎体高度恢复情况、治疗有效率、Cobb角、骨密度(BMD)、VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及新发骨折率。结果最终纳入9项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),共745例患者,其中PVP结合补肾壮骨汤组381例,单纯PVP组364例。Meta分析结果示,与单纯PVP组相比,PVP结合补肾壮骨汤组治疗有效率高[OR=5.11,95%CI(2.51～10.40),P0.00001],骨密度(BMD)提高程度大[MD=0.09,95%CI(0.01～0.16),P=0.04],VAS评分低[MD=-1.03,95%CI(-1.51～-0.55),P0.0001],Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)低[MD=-4.90,95%CI(-6.93～-2.86),P0.00001],新发骨折率低[OR=0.10,95%CI(0.02～0.55),P=0.008],而两者在Cobb角改善[MD=-0.46,95%CI(-2.39～1.48),P=0.64]方面,差异无统计学意义。结论与单纯PVP相比,PVP结合补肾壮骨汤能明显提高骨密度及治疗有效率,有效降低VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数及新发骨折率,进而显著提升患者的生活质量。     

温针灸治疗急性周围性面瘫的疗效观察

目的 观察在急性周围性面瘫的治疗过程中应用温针灸的疗效.方法 90例急性周围性面瘫患者,以抽签法分为实验组与对照组,各45例.对照组接受常规西医治疗,实验组接受温针灸治疗.比较两组治疗前后的面部神经功能及面部症状评分;社会功能、躯体功能评分;治疗效果.结果 治疗后,两组面部神经功能评分均较治疗前升高,面部症状评分均较治...     

突发性聋临床特征与血清热休克蛋白70水平相关性的研究

目的检测突发性聋患者血清热休克蛋白70（HSP70）含量,并初步探讨它与突发性聋患者临床特征之间的关系。方法本研究包括54例突发性聋患者（患者组）和54例正常人（对照组）。用高敏的酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清HSP70,并观察血清HSP70与突发性聋患者临床特征的相关性,这些临床变量包括年龄,性别,病耳,发病时程,伴随症状（有无眩晕、耳鸣、脑梗死）,发病初听力,治疗后听力,听力曲线类型,听力损失程度,听力恢复程度。结果突发性聋患者血清HSP70明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血清HSP70水平与突发性聋患者听力恢复程度有相关性（P〈0．05）。结论血清HSP70可作为突发性聋患者发病初期的血浆标记物,推测HSP70可作为突发性聋患者的一个预后指标。     

Pulmonary artery dissection—A review of 150 cases

Pulmonary artery dissection (PAD) is considered to be a rare condition with a very high mortality. Since a comprehensive review on PAD has not yet been done, we analysed all the available reports on PAD. In this analysis and review we searched the databases; Medline, PubMed Central, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar using the search term “Pulmonary Artery Dissection” with no language restrictions. In the 150 cases of PAD reported from 1842 to June 2018, the average age at diagnosis was 44.8 years with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Diagnosis was made in 49.3% of the males in the third and fourth decades, and 55.4% of the females in the fifth and sixth decades. The primary underlying causes were pulmonary hypertension and heart diseases, both congenital (mainly PDA) and acquired. The commonest clinical presentations were dyspnoea and chest pain. The best investigation of diagnosis was CT scan. The pulmonary trunk was the site of dissection in 72.5%. Surgical treatment, or medical management followed by surgery, had the best success rates. The overall survival rate which was 10.9% up to the year 2000, increased to 59.3% thereafter. If PAD was diagnosed ante-mortem, 70.5% survived. Haemopericardium / cardiac tamponade was seen at autopsy in 84.2%. PAD is not as rare, nor as fatal as believed, and with a high index of suspicion and appropriate investigations, an early diagnosis of PAD can be made and successful treatment instituted.